Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. Its levels can be measured in urine in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). While bilirubin is usually removed from the body by the liver and excreted in bile, detecting it in urine can be a sign that your liver might not be working properly. Therefore, bilirubin in urine tests are part of common diagnostics when liver issues are suspected.
Bilirubin is formed by the natural breakdown of red blood cells. Its primary function is part of the body's method of clearing itself of waste products. Once red blood cells reach the end of their lifespan, they are broken down, releasing hemoglobin. This hemoglobin is then converted into bilirubin. Under normal conditions, bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted in stool in the form of bile, giving stool its characteristic brown color. It plays a crucial role in the body’s process of recycling iron and maintaining the health of red blood cells.
High levels of bilirubin in urine can indicate a variety of health issues. Elevated bilirubin levels might suggest liver conditions such as hepatitis, liver disease, cirrhosis, or the presence of bile duct obstruction. It could also indicate hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are broken down more quickly than usual. Low levels are less common but may suggest genetic issues related to bilirubin processing. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to understand the underlying causes if your bilirubin levels are abnormal.
The normal range of bilirubin in urine is typically very low or absent because the liver efficiently processes it. Any measurable amount is considered unusual and should prompt further medical evaluation. Maintaining healthy bilirubin levels can be achieved by supporting liver health through a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly. If you’re concerned about your bilirubin levels, scheduling a check-up with a healthcare provider is a wise idea.
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