Total cholesterol refers to the complete amount of cholesterol present in your blood. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your body's cells that is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest food. When measured, cholesterol is reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
While cholesterol is essential for certain bodily functions, maintaining the right level is necessary to minimize health risks. Too much cholesterol in the blood can lead to the development of plaques that narrow arteries and lead to heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.
Cholesterol performs vital roles in our bodies. It is fundamental for forming cell membranes, ensuring their integrity and fluidity. Additionally, cholesterol is crucial for synthesizing hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, and adrenal hormones. It also plays a part in producing vitamin D and forming bile acids, which are necessary for digesting fats.
Despite its essential roles, cholesterol levels in the blood can become problematic if they are imbalanced. The body typically produces all the cholesterol it needs, but dietary sources can increase cholesterol levels and potentially lead to health complications.
If your cholesterol levels are too high, you might be at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to the buildup of fatty deposits in your arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis, which can lead to chest pain, heart attacks, or strokes.
Elevated cholesterol levels are influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, weight, and exercise, but can also be linked to genetic predispositions. If you have high cholesterol, it's important to take steps to reduce it through lifestyle adjustments or medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Conversely, although rare, very low cholesterol levels might indicate underlying health issues such as liver disease or malnutrition. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to identify and manage the cause of low cholesterol.
The optimal level for total cholesterol is generally considered to be less than 200 mg/dl. Levels between 200-239 mg/dl are considered borderline high, and levels of 240 mg/dl and above are considered high.
To maintain an optimal cholesterol level, lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can be beneficial. Foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, should be preferred, while the intake of trans fats and high-cholesterol foods like red meat and full-fat dairy should be minimized.
In addition to dietary changes, engaging in regular physical activity can help increase your body's level of HDL (high-density lipoprotein), often referred to as "good" cholesterol, which helps carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver.
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